Mississippi MAAP Biology Practice Test 2025 – Complete Exam Prep

The mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell because they are the primary site for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. Through the process of cellular respiration, mitochondria convert the energy stored in glucose and other nutrients into ATP, which cells use to perform various functions. This process includes breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen, reacting it with pyruvate to generate ATP, water, and carbon dioxide. Because of their central role in energy production, mitochondria are crucial for the survival and function of eukaryotic cells, supporting processes such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and cellular movement. Their structure, which includes inner and outer membranes, along with folded inner membranes known as cristae, maximizes the surface area for energy-producing reactions, further underlining their role as the powerhouse of the cell.